Chinese space and defense
contractor CASIC announced plans to build a constellation of 300 satellites in
very-low Earth orbit (VLEO). By 2027, the VLEO constellation will have 192
satellites, providing space information services every half an hour, and it is
set to expand to 300 satellites by 2030. The first VLEO verification satellite
is scheduled for launch in December, demonstrating key technologies such as
VLEO orbital flight and high-resolution Earth imaging.
VLEO refers to an
altitude of 150 to 300 kilometers, where atmospheric drag causes orbits to
decay rapidly without regular propulsion. However, satellites in VLEO could
offer advantages, including shorter distance, low latency, and low path loss
for communication and sensing services.
CASIC's VLEO
constellation will use intelligent algorithms and direct satellite-to-satellite
and low latency satellite-to-Earth communications, offering users one-stop
services covering sensing, transmission, and computing.
CASIC is involved in
various space-related programs, including satellite production, launch
services, an Internet of Things narrowband constellation, and a spaceplane
project. The VLEO initiative is separate from other state-owned conglomerate
CASC's civil and military space programs.
VLEO satellites could
offer benefits such as lower power demands, a lower radiation environment, and
less complex sensors, driving down costs for communications and remote sensing
missions. However, technical challenges must be addressed for successful
commercial deployment.
China's 14th Five Year
Plan highlights the importance of global remote sensing capabilities, including
higher resolution, frequent revisits, and faster transmission speeds.
VLEO concepts have
also emerged in the U.S. and Europe, with American firms like Skeyeon, Earth Observant,
and Albedo pursuing VLEO satellite plans. The European Union has funded the
"Discoverer" research program to explore Earth observation satellites
in lower altitudes.
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